Updates and new challenges in the prevention of dementia

Worldwide about 50 million people are affected by dementia and it is estimated that this number will increase to around 150 million by 2050 due to aging population.1 Low-income and middle-income countries will be particularly involved by this increase. On the contrary, in some high-income countries such as the USA, the UK and France, epidemiological data have recently observed a reduction of both prevalence and incidence rate.2 These favorable trends can be explained by the public health policies and preventive interventions aimed at improving specific lifestyle of people.